| No. |
Technology Developed |
Brief Descripion |
| 1. |
MULBERRY IMPROVEMENT |
| [a] | Varieties for Irrigated conditions | |
| (i) | S-36 |
The variety recommended during 1986, yields 45 MT/ha/yr. |
| (ii) | V-1 |
The variety released during 1997, yields about 60 MT/ha/year. |
| (iii) | Genotype No. 2 |
Variety evolved exclusively for rearing young age silkworms [Chawki]. Yields up to 35 MT of chawki leaves/ ha/ yr. |
| (iv) | Genotype No. 4 |
Developed for cultivation under irrigated conditions, the variety is best suited for late age silkworm rearing with a yield potential of 60 MT/ha/yr. |
| [b] | Varieties for Rain fed conditions | |
| (i) | S-13 and S-34 |
Released during 1990, yield 10-12 MT/ha/yr. |
| [c] | Varieties for Alkaline conditions | |
| (i) | AR-12 |
Developed for cultivation under alkaline soil conditions. Tolerant to pH of up to 9.0, with a yield potential of 25 MT/ha/yr |
| [d] | Shade tolerant variety for growing as mixed crop with coconut | |
| (i) | Sahana |
Tolerant to shade and suitable for intercropping in coconut plantations. Yields up to 20 MT/ha/yr under 40% shade. |
| [e] | varieties for low input conditions: | |
| (i) | RC-1& RC-2: |
Developed for cultivation under low input conditions of fertilizers and irrigation. The varieties yield about 25-28 MT/ha/year under 50% of recommended dosage of fertilizers and irrigation. |
| 2. |
MULBERRY CULTIVATION |
| [a] | Drip Irrigation system |
40% water saved compared to surface irrigation without adversely affecting the leaf yield. Under CDP more than 7000 ha have been covered. |
| [b] | Use of PSB in mulberry cultivation |
By application of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria it is possible to use Rock Phosphate in place of expensive SSP in mulberry cultivation with better economy Net saving of Rs.1745/ha/yr towards phosphatic fertilizer is achieved. |
| [c] | Vermicomposting |
Self sufficiency in production of organic manure and less dependance on chemical fertilizer in future. 183 farmers were assisted under CDP. |
| [d] | Chawki garden technology |
32 batches of chawki rearing could be conducted in a year under a four-plot module facilitating harvest of eight crops annually from each plot of half acre size @ 5000 dfls per batch. 10 CRCs are practicing the model. |
| [e] | Paired row system of plantation |
Reduces manpower utilization for intercultural operations. Quality of leaf increased with reduction in pests and disease incidence. |
| [f] | Intercultivation in Mulberry |
It augments to farmer's income. Short duration seasonal crops especially leafy vegetables are recommended. |
| [g] | Potassium nutrition in mulberry |
Majority of mulberry gardens in south India have medium to high potassium content hence 90kg/ha/yr potassium has to be added in the form of muirate of potash (earlier recommendation 120kg/ha.yr). |
| [h] | Phosphorus nutrition in mulberry |
Based on the results of the study, it can be recommended to apply phosphorus 150kg/ha/yr instead of 120kg to get quality mulberry yield wherever available phosphorus is low to medium range. |
| [i] | Briquetting technology |
Development of bioenergy concept using mulberry waste shoots into value addition in sericulture. |
| [j] | Organic farming |
Eco-friendly technology for the sustainable sericulture and environmental development. |
| 3. |
MULBERRY PROTECTION |
| [a] | Bionema |
A bionematicide for the control of root knot disease |
| [b] | Raksha |
A biofungicide for the control of root rot disease |
| [c] | Nursery-Guard |
A biofungicide for the management of nursery diseases |
| [d] | Management of foliar diseases of mulberry | |
| (i) | Leaf spot (Cercospora moricola) |
Foliar spray of 0.2% Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) |
| (ii) | Powdery mildew (Phyllactinia corylea) |
Foliar spray of 0.2 % Bavistin/Karathane (Dinocap 30 % EC) |
| (iii) | Leaf rust (Cerotelium fici) |
Adoption of wider spacing, avoiding the delay in harvesting of leaves together with foliar spray of 0.2 % Kavach (Chlorothalonil 75 % WP) |
| (iv) | Bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. mori / Xanthomonas campestris pv. mori) |
Step-up pruning (30 cm above the ground) during rainy season in high rainfall areas and spraying 0.2 % Streptomycin or Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 75 % WP) with safe period of 2-3 days are recommended. |
| [e] | IPM against mealy bug causing tukra in mulberry | |
| | Insect Pests | IPM |
| | SAP SUCKERS | |
| (i) | Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus |
Implement classical biological control through inoculative release of exotic parasitoid, Acerophagus papayae. Do not spray any insecticide after the release of parasitoids. |
| (ii) | Pink Mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus |
Clip off infested portion, collect in a polythene bag and destroy by burning or dipping in 0.5% soap solution. Spray 0.2% DDVP (2.63 ml/l) 15-20 days after pruning (safety period: 17 days). Release predatory ladybird beetles, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri @ 250 adults/acre or Scymnus coccivora @ 500 adults/acre in two splits at an interval of six months (preferable Oct-Nov and Jan-Feb). |
| (iii) | Thrips, Pseudodendrothrips mori |
Use sprinkler irrigation to disturb the population. Spray 0.2% Dimethoate (2ml/l) twice at weekly interval (safety period: 20 days). Release Scymnus coccivora @500 adults/ac. Do not spray insecticide after release of bio-control agents. |
| | LEAF FEEDERS | |
| (i) | Leaf Roller, Diaphania pulverulentalis |
Clip off infested portion and destroy by burning.Deep ploughing helps to kill pupae present in the soil. Spray 0.076% DDVP (1 ml/l) 10 days after pruning (safety period: 10 days). Repeat on 20th day if necessary. Release egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis @4 cards/ac (1 card/ac/week). |
| (i) | Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua |
Collect and destroy egg masses and also gregarious young caterpillars. Deep ploughing helps to kill pupae present in the soil. Spray 0.15% DDVP (2 ml/l) to kill caterpillars (Safety period: 15 days). Release egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis @4 cards/ac (1 card/ac/week). |
| (i) | Wingless grasshopper, Neorthacris acuticeps nilgirensis |
Ploughing immediately after onset of monsoon helps to expose egg masses to sunlight and predators. Spray 0.076% DDVP (1 ml/l) to kill nymphs and adults (safety period: 10 days). Second spray 10 days after first spray, if necessary. |
| 4. |
SILKWORM IMPROVEMENT |
| [a] | Bivoltine hybrids | |
| (i) | CSR2 x CSR4 |
This is a productive hybrid. The hybrids is characterized by high cocoon shell ration(24-25 %) and raw silk recovery(19-20%) and yield on average of 74.6 kg/100dfls with international grade (3A-4A). Crores of DFLS were tested with farmers. |
| (ii) | CSR18 x CSR19 |
This is a robust hybrid. 3 lakh dfls were tested and obtained an average yield of 65-70 kg even summer seasons also in AP, Karnataka & TN. The average renditta of 5.5 to 6.0 and silk grade of 2A-3A has been realized in the field. |
| (iii) | Double Hybrids |
The hybrid exhibits high fecundity besides survival of more than 95 % and raw silk more than 20 % .It was widely accepted by the farmers of AP, Karnataka and TN. The average yield obtained ranges 65-70 kg/100 dfls. |
| (iv) | GEN 3 x GEN 2 |
The hybrid has been evolved through the new strategy of molecular marker assisted selection by transferring high activity amylase genes from the polyvoltines into the genetic background of productive bivoltine breeds. The hybrid has recorded an average yield of 64 kg/100 dfls through distribution of over 70,000 dfls in southern states. |
| (v) | Nandi (SL) - CSR2, CSR8 |
The hybrids consist of sex limited male parents. It enables the P1 farmers to sell only the white cocoons (male) to the grainages while the yellow cocoons (female) could be sold to reelers and obtain very good returns. |
| [b] | Multivoltine hybrids | |
| (i) | Cauvery: BL 67 x CSR 101 |
A multivoltine x bivoltine hybrid authorized for irrigated areas and producing A-2A grade silk with renditta of 6-6.5 with an average yield of 65-70kg/100 dfls. |
| (ii) | Jayalakshmi: ND7 x CSR2 |
A multivoltine x bivoltine hybrid meant for irrigated areas producing A-2A grade silk with a renditta of 6-6.25 . A total quantity of 1.75 lakh dfls were tested with famers of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and recorded an yield of 60-80 kg/100 dfls. Cocoons of the new hybrids fetch higher rate of Rs.20-25/kg. compared to Pure Mysore x CSR2. |
| (iii) | D1 x CSR2 |
A multivoltine x bivoltine hybrid meant for rainfed areas producing a gradable silk with renditta of 7.5-8 and recorded an average yield of 42.5 kg/100 dfls. |
| (iv) | NDV6 x CSR2, ND5 x CSR2 and NP1 x CSR2 |
Three new multivoltine x bivoltine hybrids are being evaluated at Technology Validation and Demonstration Centre (TVDC) of CSR&TI, Mysore. The new hybrids are tolerant to flacherie, high temperature and grasserie diseases respectively |
| 5. |
SILKWORM PRODUCTION |
| [a] | Loose egg incubation frames |
To provide optimum environmental conditions during incubation for loose eggs. More than 90 % hatching is achieved. More than one lakh loose egg frames are being used in the field. |
| [b] | Rotary mountage |
It reduces the percentage of defective cocoons and floss. It improves the cocoon quality and results in higher reelability and silk grade (2A-3A). Cocoons harvested from rotary mountages fetch Rs.20-30/- more per kg. |
| [c] | Cocoon Harvester |
Instead of harvesting the cocoons individually from rotary mountages, the use of a wooden cocoon harvester can save time and labour. |
| [d] | Model Rearing Houses |
Model rearing houses have been designed suitable for different agro-climatic situations and method of rearing. |
| [e] | Sampoorna (Phytoecdysteroid developed by the Institute for synchronized maturation of worms) |
Administration of active content of the product to 5th instar silkworm shortens the mounting duration to 18-24 h. |
| [f] | Nutrid (Semi-synthetic diet formulation by the institute) |
The diet has been developed for rearing young age silkworms to provide balanced nutrition to the worms, maintains hygiene during rearing and for development of robust worms. |
| [g] | Samrudhi (A Technology for enhanced cocoon/silk production) |
On administration, an improvement of 12 to 15 % realized in the cocoon wt. and shell wt with no notable variation in shell percentage. |
| 6. |
SILKWORM PROTECTION |
| [a] | Amruth |
An ecofriendly plant based formulation for suppression of Grasserie and Flacherie Submitted for patenting. |
| [b] | Ankush |
Eco-friendly bed disinfectant for preventing the spread of all common silkworm diseases. Commercialized. Submitted for patent. Marketed as ‘Ankush’ and ‘Ankush Vijetha Green’. |
| [c] | Vijetha – a bed disinfectant |
An effective bed disinfectant and it prevents occurrence of various silkworm diseases. Marketed as ‘Sericare Vijetha’ Patented and commercialized. |
| [d] | Vijetha supplement |
An anti-muscardine mixture. Prevents the muscardine disease in silkworm. Commercialized. Marketed as Vijetha supplement. |
| [e] | Resham Keet Oushadh- a bed disinfectant |
An effective bed disinfectant and it prevents the spread of Grasserie and muscardine diseases in silkworm. Commercialized and marketed as RKO. Submitted for patent. |
| [f] | Integrated silkworm disease management technology |
Application of an integrated process and products for prevention of occurrence of diseases and their spread in silkworm rearing. Practiced and popularized under PPBST, PEBS and IVLP projects. It constitute the use of chlorine dioxide and slaked lime as disinfectant, a scientific schedule of practice, separate rearing facility, use of bed disinfectants Ankush/ Vijetha and Vijetha supplement and hygiene practices. |
| [g] | IPM of Silkworm pests |
|
| | Insect Pests | IPM |
| (i) | Uzi fly, Exorists bombycis |
Provide nylon mesh to all the windows and doors of rearing house. Provide automatic closing mechanism to doors. Provide anteroom at the entrance of rearing house. Rear silkworm under nylon net enclosure. Use uzi trap to attract and kill adult uzi flies. Release Nesolynx thymus (pupal parasitoid) on 3rd or 4th day of 5th instar @ 2 pouches/ 100 DFLs. |
| (ii) | Dermestid beetle, Dermestes ater; D. cadvarinus |
Store pierced cocoons in gunny bags treated with 0.028% Deltamethrin. Use light cum sticky trap to attract and kill adult beetles. Sprinkle bleaching powder (200 g/m2) all around inner wall of PC room to prevent crawling of grubs from PC room.Suck larvae and adult beetles using vacuum cleaner and destroy. Dispose off PC immediately after the grainage operation. In reeling units, stifle the cocoons properly and store in gunny bags treated with 0.028% Deltamethrin. |
| [h] | Raksha Rekha |
An insecticidal chalk for management of ants and cockroaches in silkworm rearing. |
| [i] | Flacherie disease resistant Silkworm hybrids |
A multi x bi hybrid NDV6x CSR2 and a bivoltine hybrid CSR21DR x CSR28DR showing high resistance (> 85% survival) against Flacherie disease and comparatively higher tolerance to NPV (grasserie) was developed in collaboration with silkworm breeding laboratory. The breeds are under large scale farm testing. These hybrids are suitable for irrigated areas producing 2A~3A grade silk with an average yield of 65-70 kg/100 dfls. |
| 7. |
SERICULTURAL MACHINERIES |
| [a] | Mulberry Pruning Machine |
It can prune one acre of mulberry garden in 5 hours. |
| [b] | Machine for preparation of Cuttings |
Facilitates quick preparation of cuttings (about 2000 cuttings/ hour). |
| [c] | Cocoon Deflossing Machine |
It can defloss 50 - 60 kg cocoons per hour. |
| [d] | Shoot crushing Machine |
The machine is effective in cutting and crushing 250 - 300 kg shoots per hour. |
| [e] | Powder Duster |
The machine facilitates application of chemical dusts (RKO, Vijetha, etc.) over silkworms without any drift loss. |
| [f] | Litter separator |
The machine is effective in separating left over leaves and litter for use in biogas plant to generate biogas for domestic / reeling purposes. |
| [g] | Machine for chopping of mulberry leaves |
The motor-driven machine chops about 40 kg leaves per hour. |
| [h] | Electric Sprayer |
Fitted with a steel pump and 15 m hose delivery, it discharges 250 l of disinfectant per hour. |
| [i] | Hand deflossing machine |
It can defloss about 15 kg cocoons per hour. |
| [j] | Matures silkworm separator |
The motorized machine can separate about 35,000 matured silkworm larvae in about 2 hours to facilitate quick mounting. |
| [k] | Frames for plastic mountages |
The frames are effective in maintaining the shape and size of the plastic mountages, besides enabling the hanging of the mountages for proper aeration. |
| [l] | Device for holding and packing the plastic mountages |
It helps to retain the shape and size of the plastic mountages after cocooning. |
| [m] | Cocoon-cutting machine |
The motorized machine facilitates the sex separation in grainages and can cut over 6000 cocoons per hour. |
